英语阅读理解读不懂，很多时候不是语法问题，是关键词不认识。
这次整理了300个初中阅读里反复出现的单词，分成10组。每组有个小标题，方便记忆，但单词本身没有按话题归类——考试的时候，一篇文章里什么话题的词都会出现。每个词都配了例句，记起来更方便。
第一组：描述情感与态度
accept [əkˈsept] 接受 例句：He asked her to marry him and she accepted. refuse [rɪˈfjuːz] 拒绝 例句：I refuse to answer that question. believe [bɪˈliːv] 相信 例句：I don‘t believe he’s only 25. agree [əˈɡriː] 同意 例句：We agreed to meet again the following week. doubt [daʊt] 怀疑 例句：I never doubted his ability to do it. suggest [səˈdʒest] 建议 例句：I suggest you call him first. advice [ədˈvaɪs] 建议 例句：Let me give you a piece of advice. decision [dɪˈsɪʒn] 决定 例句：We finally made a decision. choice [tʃɔɪs] 选择 例句：We have no choice but to wait. purpose [ˈpɜːpəs] 目的 例句：What is the purpose of your visit? mean [miːn] 意思是 例句：What does this word mean? show [ʃəʊ] 显示 例句：His new book shows he is a great writer. proud [praʊd] 自豪的 例句：I‘m very proud of you. careful [ˈkeəfl] 小心的 例句：Be careful not to wake the baby. careless [ˈkeələs] 粗心的 例句：It was careless of you to leave the door open. polite [pəˈlaɪt] 有礼貌的 例句：It’s polite to say thank you. rude [ruːd] 粗鲁的 例句：It‘s rude to talk with your mouth full. honest [ˈɒnɪst] 诚实的 例句：To be honest, I don’t like the food. patient [ˈpeɪʃnt] 耐心的 例句：Teachers should be patient with students. strict [strɪkt] 严格的 例句：My parents are strict with me. possible [ˈpɒsəbl] 可能的 例句：Is it possible to finish it today? necessary [ˈnesəsəri] 必要的 例句：Sleep is necessary for good health. important [ɪmˈpɔːtnt] 重要的 例句：It‘s important to learn English well. different [ˈdɪfrənt] 不同的 例句：My idea is different from yours. same [seɪm] 相同的 例句：We wear the same school uniform. favorite [ˈfeɪvərɪt] 最喜爱的 例句：Blue is my favorite color. interesting [ˈɪntrəstɪŋ] 有趣的 例句：The movie is very interesting. boring [ˈbɔːrɪŋ] 无聊的 例句：The talk was long and boring. exciting [ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ] 令人兴奋的 例句：It’s exciting news for everyone. surprising [səˈpraɪzɪŋ] 令人惊讶的 例句：The result was surprising to us all.展开剩余87%第二组：连接逻辑与关系
because [bɪˈkɒz] 因为 例句：I was late because I missed the bus. so [səʊ] 所以 例句：It was raining, so we stayed at home. although [ɔːlˈðəʊ] 虽然 例句：Although he is young, he is very tall. however [haʊˈevə(r)] 然而 例句：It’s raining hard. However, we must go out. but [bʌt] 但是 例句：I‘d like to go, but I’m too busy. if [ɪf] 如果 例句：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay inside. than [ðən] 比 例句：He is taller than his brother. result [rɪˈzʌlt] 结果 例句：The result of the game was 2-1. reason [ˈriːzn] 原因 例句：Please tell me the reason for your absence. fact [fækt] 事实 例句：No one can change the fact. because of [bɪˈkɒz əv] 因为 例句：The game was canceled because of the rain. so that [səʊ ðæt] 以便 例句：I got up early so that I could catch the bus. such as [sʌtʃ æz] 例如 例句：I like fruits, such as apples and bananas. for example [fɔːr ɪɡˈzæmpl] 例如 例句：Many animals, for example dogs, are friendly. as well as [æz wel æz] 以及 例句：He plays the guitar as well as the piano. not only... but also [nɒt ˈəʊnli bʌt ˈɔːlsəʊ] 不仅……而且 例句：She is not only smart but also hardworking. both... and [bəʊθ ænd] 两者都 例句：Both Tom and Jerry are here. either... or [ˈaɪðə(r) ɔː(r)] 要么……要么 例句：You can either come with me or stay here. neither... nor [ˈnaɪðə(r) nɔː(r)] 既不……也不 例句：Neither he nor I know the answer. unless [ənˈles] 除非 例句：You will fail unless you work hard. while [waɪl] 当……的时候 例句：He fell asleep while watching TV. when [wen] 当……时 例句：I was reading when he came in. before [bɪˈfɔː(r)] 在……之前 例句：Wash your hands before eating. after [ˈɑːftə(r)] 在……之后 例句：Let’s play basketball after school. until [ənˈtɪl] 直到 例句：Wait here until I come back. since [sɪns] 自从 例句：I have lived here since 2010. as soon as [æz suːn æz] 一……就 例句：Call me as soon as you arrive. though [ðəʊ] 尽管 例句：Though it was hard, he didn‘t give up. even if [ˈiːvn ɪf] 即使 例句：Even if it rains, we will go. therefore [ˈðeəfɔː(r)] 因此 例句：He was sick, therefore he stayed at home.第三组：日常行为与活动
happen [ˈhæpən] 发生 例句：When did the accident happen? appear [əˈpɪə(r)] 出现 例句：A bus appeared around the corner. become [bɪˈkʌm] 变成 例句：She became a doctor at the age of 25. keep [kiːp] 保持 例句：Please keep quiet in the library. try [traɪ] 尝试 例句：I will try my best to help you. start [stɑːt] 开始 例句：School starts at 8 o‘clock. finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] 完成 例句：Have you finished your homework? continue [kənˈtɪnjuː] 继续 例句：He continued to work after lunch. stop [stɒp] 停止 例句：The rain has stopped. wait [weɪt] 等待 例句：Wait for me at the gate. help [help] 帮助 例句：Can you help me carry this box? ask [ɑːsk] 问 例句：May I ask a question? answer [ˈɑːnsə(r)] 回答 例句：Please answer the phone. tell [tel] 告诉 例句：Tell me the truth. talk [tɔːk] 谈话 例句：They are talking about the movie. speak [spiːk] 说话 例句：Can you speak more slowly? say [seɪ] 说 例句：What did you say? think [θɪŋk] 想 例句：I think it’s a good idea. know [nəʊ] 知道 例句：Do you know the answer? understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] 理解 例句：I don‘t understand this word. learn [lɜːn] 学习 例句：We learn English at school. study [ˈstʌdi] 学习 例句：He is studying for the test. read [riːd] 阅读 例句：I like reading books. write [raɪt] 写 例句：Please write your name here. draw [drɔː] 画 例句：She can draw well. sing [sɪŋ] 唱歌 例句：He sings beautifully. dance [dɑːns] 跳舞 例句：Let’s dance together. run [rʌn] 跑 例句：He runs fast. walk [wɔːk] 走 例句：They walk to school every day. jump [dʒʌmp] 跳 例句：The cat jumped onto the table.第四组：描述事物与状态
big [bɪɡ] 大的 例句：They live in a big house. small [smɔːl] 小的 例句：This is a small problem. large [lɑːdʒ] 大的 例句：China is a large country. short [ʃɔːt] 短的 例句：He wrote a short story. long [lɒŋ] 长的 例句：It was a long movie. high [haɪ] 高的 例句：The mountain is very high. low [ləʊ] 低的 例句：The price is low. heavy [ˈhevi] 重的 例句：The bag is too heavy for me. light [laɪt] 轻的 例句：This box is light. fast [fɑːst] 快的 例句：He is a fast runner. slow [sləʊ] 慢的 例句：The bus is very slow. early [ˈɜːli] 早的 例句：I woke up early today. late [leɪt] 晚的 例句：Don’t be late for school. easy [ˈiːzi] 容易的 例句：The test was easy. hard [hɑːd] 困难的 例句：It’s hard to say. difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] 困难的 例句：Math is difficult for some students. simple [ˈsɪmpl] 简单的 例句：The answer is simple. clear [klɪə(r)] 清晰的 例句：The water is clear. dark [dɑːk] 黑暗的 例句：It’s dark outside. bright [braɪt] 明亮的 例句：The room is bright. clean [kliːn] 干净的 例句：Keep your room clean. dirty [ˈdɜːti] 脏的 例句：My shoes are dirty. new [njuː] 新的 例句：I got a new bike. old [əʊld] 旧的 例句：He drives an old car. young [jʌŋ] 年轻的 例句：She is young and healthy. beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪfl] 美丽的 例句：Look at that beautiful flower. ugly [ˈʌɡli] 丑陋的 例句：The building is ugly. rich [rɪtʃ] 富有的 例句：He wants to become rich. poor [pʊə(r)] 贫穷的 例句：They helped the poor family. famous [ˈfeɪməs] 著名的 例句：He is a famous singer.第五组：时间与频率
always [ˈɔːlweɪz] 总是 例句：He is always late for school. never [ˈnevə(r)] 从不 例句：I will never forget you. often [ˈɒfn] 经常 例句：We often go to the park on Sundays. usually [ˈjuːʒuəli] 通常 例句：I usually get up at six. sometimes [ˈsʌmtaɪmz] 有时 例句：Sometimes I walk to school. seldom [ˈseldəm] 很少 例句：He seldom eats meat. already [ɔːlˈredi] 已经 例句：I have already finished my homework. yet [jet] 还 例句：Have you seen that movie yet? still [stɪl] 仍然 例句：He is still sleeping. just [dʒʌst] 刚刚 例句：I just arrived home. recently [ˈriːsntli] 最近 例句：I haven’t seen her recently. soon [suːn] 很快 例句：Summer vacation will come soon. now [naʊ] 现在 例句：What are you doing now? then [ðen] 那时 例句：I was still a child then. today [təˈdeɪ] 今天 例句：Today is Monday. tomorrow [təˈmɒrəʊ] 明天 例句：See you tomorrow. yesterday [ˈjestədeɪ] 昨天 例句：I was busy yesterday. ago [əˈɡəʊ] 以前 例句：I met him two days ago. later [ˈleɪtə(r)] 以后 例句：See you later. early [ˈɜːli] 早地 例句：She always arrives early. late [leɪt] 晚地 例句：He came home late last night. first [fɜːst] 首先 例句：Let’s eat first. then [ðen] 然后 例句：First cook the meat, then add the vegetables. next [nekst] 接下来 例句：What should we do next? finally [ˈfaɪnəli] 最后 例句：Finally, they arrived at the station. at once [æt wʌns] 立刻 例句：You must leave at once. right now [raɪt naʊ] 立刻 例句：Do it right now. in the end [ɪn ði end] 最后 例句：In the end, they became friends. at first [æt fɜːst] 起初 例句：At first, I didn’t like him. from now on [frɒm naʊ ɒn] 从现在起 例句：From now on, I will study harder.第六组：地点与方位
here [hɪə(r)] 这里 例句：Please sit here. there [ðeə(r)] 那里 例句：Put the book over there. where [weə(r)] 哪里 例句：Where do you live? everywhere [ˈevriweə(r)] 到处 例句：I looked for you everywhere. somewhere [ˈsʌmweə(r)] 某个地方 例句：I left my keys somewhere. anywhere [ˈeniweə(r)] 任何地方 例句：I can’t find it anywhere. nowhere [ˈnəʊweə(r)] 无处 例句：There’s nowhere to sit. inside [ˌɪnˈsaɪd] 在里面 例句：It’s raining, let’s go inside. outside [ˌaʊtˈsaɪd] 在外面 例句：The children are playing outside. above [əˈbʌv] 在……上方 例句：The clock is above the door. below [bɪˈləʊ] 在……下方 例句：The sun sank below the horizon. over [ˈəʊvə(r)] 在……上面 例句：There is a bridge over the river. under [ˈʌndə(r)] 在……下面 例句：The cat is under the bed. behind [bɪˈhaɪnd] 在……后面 例句：The boy was hiding behind the door. in front of [ɪn frʌnt əv] 在……前面 例句：There’s a garden in front of the house. next to [nekst tuː] 在……旁边 例句：The school is next to the library. near [nɪə(r)] 在……附近 例句：We live near the park. far from [fɑː(r) frɒm] 远离 例句：The station is far from here. left [left] 左边 例句：Turn left at the corner. right [raɪt] 右边 例句：Take the first right. east [iːst] 东方 例句：The sun rises in the east. west [west] 西方 例句：The wind is blowing from the west. south [saʊθ] 南方 例句：They went to the south for vacation. north [nɔːθ] 北方 例句：It’s colder in the north. corner [ˈkɔːnə(r)] 角落 例句：There’s a shop on the corner. center [ˈsentə(r)] 中心 例句：There’s a fountain in the center of the square. side [saɪd] 边 例句：He sat by the side of the road. middle [ˈmɪdl] 中间 例句：Don’t stand in the middle of the road. top [tɒp] 顶部 例句：Write your name at the top of the page. bottom [ˈbɒtəm] 底部 例句：The keys are at the bottom of my bag.第七组：数量与程度
many [ˈmeni] 许多 例句：Many people attended the meeting. much [mʌtʃ] 许多 例句：I don’t have much time. a lot of [ə lɒt əv] 许多 例句：She has a lot of friends. some [sʌm] 一些 例句：I need some water. any [ˈeni] 任何 例句：Do you have any questions? few [fjuː] 很少 例句：Few people know the truth. a few [ə fjuː] 几个 例句：I have a few books to read. little [ˈlɪtl] 很少 例句：There is little milk left. a little [ə ˈlɪtl] 一点 例句：I speak a little Chinese. enough [ɪˈnʌf] 足够 例句：We have enough food for everyone. all [ɔːl] 所有 例句：All the students passed the exam. most [məʊst] 大多数 例句：Most children like candy. some [sʌm] 有些 例句：Some people like tea, others like coffee. no [nəʊ] 没有 例句：There’s no milk in the fridge. none [nʌn] 没有一个 例句：None of them knew the answer. both [bəʊθ] 两者都 例句：Both of my parents are teachers. either [ˈaɪðə(r)] 两者之一 例句：Either answer is correct. neither [ˈnaɪðə(r)] 两者都不 例句：Neither answer is correct. each [iːtʃ] 每个 例句：Each student has a book. every [ˈevri] 每一个 例句：I go for a walk every day. whole [həʊl] 整个 例句：He ate the whole cake. half [hɑːf] 一半 例句：Half of the students are girls. double [ˈdʌbl] 双倍的 例句：I’ll have a double espresso. quite [kwaɪt] 相当 例句：The movie was quite good. very [ˈveri] 非常 例句：It’s very cold today. too [tuː] 太 例句：This bag is too heavy. so [səʊ] 如此 例句：She is so beautiful. such [sʌtʃ] 如此 例句：It was such a nice day. almost [ˈɔːlməʊst] 几乎 例句：I almost missed the bus. hardly [ˈhɑːdli] 几乎不 例句：I can hardly hear you.第八组：人物与身份
person [ˈpɜːsn] 人 例句：She’s a very kind person. people [ˈpiːpl] 人们 例句：There were many people at the party. man [mæn] 男人 例句：An old man is sitting on the bench. woman [ˈwʊmən] 女人 例句：The woman in the red dress is my aunt. child [tʃaɪld] 孩子 例句：The child is playing in the garden. baby [ˈbeɪbi] 婴儿 例句：The baby is sleeping. boy [bɔɪ] 男孩 例句：That boy is my brother. girl [ɡɜːl] 女孩 例句：The girl with glasses is my friend. student [ˈstjuːdnt] 学生 例句：He is a high school student. teacher [ˈtiːtʃə(r)] 老师 例句：Mrs. Wang is our English teacher. doctor [ˈdɒktə(r)] 医生 例句：You should see a doctor. nurse [nɜːs] 护士 例句：The nurse is very kind. driver [ˈdraɪvə(r)] 司机 例句：The bus driver stopped suddenly. farmer [ˈfɑːmə(r)] 农民 例句：The farmers are working in the field. worker [ˈwɜːkə(r)] 工人 例句：My father is a factory worker. friend [frend] 朋友 例句：Tom is my best friend. family [ˈfæməli] 家庭 例句：My family is very important to me. parent [ˈpeərənt] 父母 例句：My parents are both teachers. father [ˈfɑːðə(r)] 父亲 例句：My father works in an office. mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] 母亲 例句：My mother cooks delicious food. brother [ˈbrʌðə(r)] 兄弟 例句：I have a younger brother. sister [ˈsɪstə(r)] 姐妹 例句：My sister is older than me. son [sʌn] 儿子 例句：They have two sons. daughter [ˈdɔːtə(r)] 女儿 例句：Their daughter is in college. husband [ˈhʌzbənd] 丈夫 例句：Her husband is a doctor. wife [waɪf] 妻子 例句：His wife is from Canada. neighbor [ˈneɪbə(r)] 邻居 例句：Our neighbors are very friendly. classmate [ˈklɑːsmeɪt] 同学 例句：We were classmates in high school. stranger [ˈstreɪndʒə(r)] 陌生人 例句：Don’t talk to strangers. guest [ɡest] 客人 例句：We have guests for dinner tonight.第九组：常用动词短语
get up [ɡet ʌp] 起床 例句：I get up at 7 a.m. every day. go to bed [ɡəʊ tu bed] 上床睡觉 例句：It’s time to go to bed. look for [lʊk fɔː(r)] 寻找 例句：I’m looking for my keys. wait for [weɪt fɔː(r)] 等待 例句：Wait for me at the bus stop. listen to [ˈlɪsn tuː] 听 例句：I like listening to music. talk about [tɔːk əˈbaʊt] 谈论 例句：What are you talking about? think about [θɪŋk əˈbaʊt] 考虑 例句：I need to think about it. look at [lʊk æt] 看 例句：Look at the blackboard, please. look after [lʊk ˈɑːftə(r)] 照顾 例句：Can you look after my cat? look like [lʊk laɪk] 看起来像 例句：You look like your mother. take care of [teɪk keər əv] 照顾 例句：Take good care of yourself. put on [pʊt ɒn] 穿上 例句：Put on your coat, it’s cold. take off [teɪk ɒf] 脱下 例句：Please take off your shoes. turn on [tɜːn ɒn] 打开 例句：Turn on the light, please. turn off [tɜːn ɒf] 关闭 例句：Don’t forget to turn off the TV. turn up [tɜːn ʌp] 调高 例句：Can you turn up the volume? turn down [tɜːn daʊn] 调低 例句：Please turn down the music. come back [kʌm bæk] 回来 例句：When will you come back? go back [ɡəʊ bæk] 回去 例句：Let’s go back home. go out [ɡəʊ aʊt] 出去 例句：Do you want to go out tonight? come in [kʌm ɪn] 进来 例句：Please come in and sit down. get on [ɡet ɒn] 上车 例句：We got on the bus at the station. get off [ɡet ɒf] 下车 例句：Get off at the next stop. wake up [weɪk ʌp] 醒来 例句：I woke up late this morning. hurry up [ˈhʌri ʌp] 快点 例句：Hurry up, or we’ll be late. sit down [sɪt daʊn] 坐下 例句：Please sit down and relax. stand up [stænd ʌp] 站起来 例句：Stand up, please. write down [raɪt daʊn] 写下 例句：Write down your name here. pick up [pɪk ʌp] 捡起 例句：Pick up the trash on the floor. give up [ɡɪv ʌp] 放弃 例句：Never give up on your dreams.第十组：阅读理解高频抽象
idea [aɪˈdɪə] 想法 例句：That’s a great idea. example [ɪɡˈzɑːmpl] 例子 例句：Can you give me an example? way [weɪ] 方法 例句：There are many ways to solve this problem. thing [θɪŋ] 事情 例句：I have a lot of things to do today. something [ˈsʌmθɪŋ] 某事 例句：I want to tell you something. anything [ˈeniθɪŋ] 任何事 例句：Is there anything I can do for you? nothing [ˈnʌθɪŋ] 无事 例句：There’s nothing to worry about. everything [ˈevriθɪŋ] 一切 例句：Everything is going well. part [pɑːt] 部分 例句：Which part of the movie did you like best? kind [kaɪnd] 种类 例句：What kind of music do you like? problem [ˈprɒbləm] 问题 例句：We have a problem with the car. question [ˈkwestʃən] 问题 例句：May I ask you a question? answer [ˈɑːnsə(r)] 答案 例句：I don’t know the answer. reason [ˈriːzn] 原因 例句：Tell me the reason for your decision. result [rɪˈzʌlt] 结果 例句：The result of the test will be announced tomorrow. difference [ˈdɪfrəns] 差异 例句：Can you tell the difference between them? importance [ɪmˈpɔːtns] 重要性 例句：We all know the importance of learning English. meaning [ˈmiːnɪŋ] 意思 例句：What’s the meaning of this word? chance [tʃɑːns] 机会 例句：I never miss a chance to travel. choice [tʃɔɪs] 选择 例句：You have to make a choice. decision [dɪˈsɪʒn] 决定 例句：It was a difficult decision. fact [fækt] 事实 例句：It’s a fact that the earth is round. news [njuːz] 新闻 例句：I heard the news on the radio. story [ˈstɔːri] 故事 例句：Grandma told us an interesting story. life [laɪf] 生活 例句：Life is full of surprises. world [wɜːld] 世界 例句：I want to travel around the world. future [ˈfjuːtʃə(r)] 未来 例句：What are your plans for the future? past [pɑːst] 过去 例句：In the past, people wrote letters. present [ˈpreznt] 现在 例句：We should focus on the present. dream [driːm] 梦想 例句：Follow your dreams.整理完这300个词，发现其实阅读里真正影响理解的，也就是这些反复出现的核心词。
单词不在多，在于高频。这10组如果能掌握，初中英语阅读的大部分障碍就扫清了。平时做题遇到不认识的词，也可以自己补充进去无手续费配资网，慢慢积累属于自己的词汇库。
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